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Orthotics is the use of braces and splints (orthoses) to biomechanically assist in supporting and stabilizing parts of the body affected by paralyzed and/or weak muscles. Orthotics, grouped by a description of the area in which they provide support, are usually divided into three categories: lower extremity, upper extremity, and spinal. For example, in lower extremity orthotics, foot orthoses (FO) support and align the foot. Knee orthoses (KO) protect and support the knee joint. An orthotic device designed to support the whole lower extremity is called a knee-ankle-foot orthosis (KAFO). Upper extremity and spinal orthotics have similar classifications.

Increased pain, tripping, falling, dropping objects, and muscle loss are an alert to problems in the joints and muscles of the extremities. Bracing of joints and muscle groups can reduce pain; can prevent tripping and falling; may prevent further development of a joint deformity; and may conserve energy by making activities, such as walking, more efficient.

Today’s braces are often constructed of lightweight plastics and metals with fixed (locked) and/or free (movable) joints, not of leather and steel. The referring physician prescribes the general type of orthosis, including core components such as fixed or movable joints, or metal or plastic fabrication. The physician also includes the diagnosis and the functional goals of the orthosis. The orthotist fabricates a design based on the prescription, including information from a gait analysis and information about the individual’s home, work status, and physical activities.

Having to use a brace should not be viewed as defeat, but as making a lifestyle change that will provide added stability and safer, more efficient, and less painful mobility, thus enhancing continued independence.